Using Liquibase with BigQuery

Google BigQuery is a fully managed analytics data warehouse. For more information, see BigQuery Documentation.

Supported versions

2.13.6+

Prerequisites

Introduction to Liquibase – Dive into Liquibase concepts.
Install Liquibase – Download Liquibase on your machine.
Get Started with Liquibase – Learn how to use Liquibase with an example database.
init project – Create a new Liquibase project folder to store all Liquibase files.
How to Apply Your Liquibase Pro License Key – If you use Liquibase Pro, activate your license.

Install drivers

To use Liquibase and BigQuery, you need several JAR files:

All the JAR files in the BigQuery JDBC ZIP file (under "Current JDBC driver")
The Liquibase extension for Google BigQuery

Place your JAR file(s) in the liquibase/lib directory.

If you use Maven, you must include the driver JAR as a dependency in your pom.xml file.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>google-cloud-bigquery</artifactId>
    <version>2.24.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.liquibase.ext</groupId>
    <artifactId>liquibase-bigquery</artifactId>
    <version>4.20.0</version>
</dependency>

Test your connection

Ensure your BigQuery database is configured. See BigQuery Quickstarts for more information. For example, you can run a query of a sample table in BigQuery using the bq command-line tool:

bq show bigquery-public-data:samples.shakespeare

Specify the database URL in the liquibase.properties file (defaults file), along with other properties you want to set a default value for. Liquibase does not parse the URL. You can either specify the full database connection string or specify the URL using your database's standard JDBC format:

url: jdbc:bigquery://https://googleapis.com/bigquery/v2:443/<dbname>;ProjectId=<STR>;OAuthType=<INT>;

Specify the name of your database in place of dbname. Specify the ID of your BigQuery project as the value of ProjectId. Specify your BigQuery authentication method as the value of OAuthType. Click on the following tabs to see example JDBC URLs for each authentication type:

OAuthType=0 (Google Services)

Requires the options OAuthServiceAcctEmail and OAuthPvtKeyPath in your url property. For example:

jdbc:bigquery://https://googleapis.com/bigquery/v2:443/myDatabase;
ProjectId=myProject;
OAuthType=0;
OAuthServiceAcctEmail=lbtest@bq123.iam.gserviceaccount.com;
OAuthPvtKeyPath=C:\path\serviceKey.p12;

For more information, see:

OAuthType=1 (Google User Account)

Requires your user account credentials. For example:

jdbc:bigquery://https://googleapis.com/bigquery/v2:443/myDatabase;
ProjectId=myProject;
OAuthType=1;

For more information, see Google: Authenticate installed apps with user accounts.

OAuthType=2 (Google Authorization Server Access Token)

Requires the options OAuthAccessToken, OAuthRefreshToken, OAuthClientId, and OAuthClientSecret in your url property. For example:

jdbc:bigquery://https://googleapis.com/bigquery/v2:443/myDatabase;
ProjectId=myProject;
OAuthType=2;
OAuthAccessToken=a25c7cfd36214f94a79d;
OAuthRefreshToken=2kl0Qvuw9qt4abia54qga5t97;
OAuthClientId=22n6627g243322f7;
OAuthClientSecret=cDE+F2g3Hcjk4K5lazM;

For more information, see:

OAuthType=3 (Application Default Credentials)

For example:

jdbc:bigquery://https://googleapis.com/bigquery/v2:443/myDatabase;
ProjectId=myProject;
OAuthType=3;

For more information, see Google: Authenticating as a service account.

Tip: To apply a Liquibase Pro key to your project, add the following property to the Liquibase properties file: licenseKey: <paste code here>

Create a text file called changelog (.xml, .sql, .json, or .yaml) in your project directory and add a changeset.

If you already created a changelog using the init project command, you can use that instead of creating a new file. When adding onto an existing changelog, be sure to only add the changeset and to not duplicate the changelog header.

XML example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
    xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:ext="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext"
    xmlns:pro="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-latest.xsd
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-ext.xsd
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro/liquibase-pro-latest.xsd">

    <changeSet id="1" author="Liquibase">
        <createTable tableName="test_table">
            <column name="test_id" type="int">
                <constraints primaryKey="true"/>
            </column>
            <column name="test_column" type="varchar"/>
        </createTable>
    </changeSet>

</databaseChangeLog>

SQL example

-- liquibase formatted sql

-- changeset liquibase:1
CREATE TABLE test_table (test_id INT, test_column VARCHAR(255), PRIMARY KEY (test_id))

Tip: Formatted SQL changelogs generated from Liquibase versions before 4.2 might cause issues because of the lack of space after a double dash ( -- ). To fix this, add a space after the double dash. For example: -- liquibase formatted sql instead of --liquibase formatted sql and -- changeset myname:create-table instead of --changeset myname:create-table.

YAML example

databaseChangeLog:
   - changeSet:
       id: 1
       author: Liquibase
       changes:
       - createTable:
           tableName: test_table
           columns:
           - column:
               name: test_column
               type: INT
               constraints:
                   primaryKey:  true
                   nullable:  false

JSON example

{
  "databaseChangeLog": [
    {
      "changeSet": {
        "id": "1",
        "author": "Liquibase",
        "changes": [
          {
            "createTable": {
              "tableName": "test_table",
              "columns": [
                {
                  "column": {
                    "name": "test_column",
                    "type": "INT",
                    "constraints": {
                      "primaryKey": true,
                      "nullable": false
                    }
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Navigate to your project folder in the CLI and run the Liquibase status command to see whether the connection is successful:

liquibase status --username=test --password=test --changelog-file=<changelog.xml>

Note: You can specify arguments in the CLI or keep them in the Liquibase properties file.

If your connection is successful, you'll see a message like this:

4 changesets have not been applied to <your_jdbc_url>
Liquibase command 'status' was executed successfully.

Inspect the SQL with the update-sql command. Then make changes to your database with the update command.

liquibase update-sql --changelog-file=<changelog.xml>
liquibase update --changelog-file=<changelog.xml>

If your update is successful, Liquibase runs each changeset and displays a summary message ending with:

Liquibase: Update has been successful.
Liquibase command 'update' was executed successfully.

From a database UI tool, ensure that your database contains the test_table you added along with the DATABASECHANGELOG table and DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK table.

Now you're ready to start making deployments with Liquibase!